Hard water is water that contains high concentration of dissolved minerals: primarily calcium and magnesium. These minerals are picked up by water as it moves through soil and rock, which dissolve and get carried them into the water supply.
Characteristics of Hard Water:
Formation of Scale: Hard water can cause scale to form. Scale is a hard, chalky deposit that can be found built up in pipes, water heaters, and appliances. The formation of scale can significantly reduce the efficiency and lifespan of these appliances and systems.
Soap and Detergent Efficiency: Hard water reduces the effectiveness of soaps and detergents. When mixed with soap, hard water forms a scum, which doesn’t rinse away easily, which leads to unwanted residue on skin, hair, clothing, and more
Laundry Issues: Clothes washed with hard water can often feel stiff, and will end up looking dingy and worn out over time.
Skin and Hair: Hard water and limescale will make skin feel super dry and hair look extra dull.
Hard water is considered problematic for several reasons:
1. Household Appliances and Plumbing:
- Scale Formation: The minerals in hard water, mainly calcium and magnesium, can precipitate out and form scale deposits in pipes, water heaters, and appliances like dishwashers and washing machines. This scale can reduce the efficiency and lifespan of these systems, leading to higher energy costs and more frequent repairs.
- Clogging: Scale build-up can clog pipes, reducing water flow and increasing the likelihood of plumbing issues.
2. Cleaning and Laundry:
- Reduced Soap Efficiency: Hard water reduces the effectiveness of soaps and detergents. When soap reacts with the calcium and magnesium ions, it forms soap scum instead of lather, leading to the need for more soap or detergent for effective cleaning.
- Residue: Soap scum can leave a residue on dishes, glassware, and surfaces, making them look dull and dirty even after washing.
- Laundry Issues: Clothes washed in hard water may feel stiff and scratchy. Over time, the minerals can cause fabrics to break down more quickly, leading to wear and tear.
3. Personal Care:
- Skin and Hair: Hard water can leave a residue on skin and hair, which can make skin feel dry and itchy and hair look dull and lifeless. While hard water shampoos are available this can still be particularly problematic for people with sensitive skin or conditions like eczema.
4. Taste and Appearance:
- Taste: Some people find that hard water has an unpleasant taste due to the high mineral content.
- Stains: Hard water can cause staining on sinks, bathtubs, and toilets, as well as on dishes and glassware.
5. Cost:
- Increased Expenses: The need for more soap and detergent, higher energy bills due to less efficient appliances, and potential plumbing repairs can all lead to increased household expenses.